Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-IC ne-PCBA?

Incazelo nokwakheka.

• Umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe uyithuluzi elincane le-elektroniki noma ingxenye. Kuwukusebenzisa inqubo ethile, ama-transistors adingekayo esekethelweni, abaphikisayo, ama-capacitors kanye ne-inductors nezinye izingxenye zokuxhumana noma izingcezu ezimbalwa ze-semiconductor ama-wafers noma ama-substrate aphakathi nendawo, bese epakwe ku I-Shell, Yiba yisakhiwo esincane ngomsebenzi wokujikeleza okudingekayo.Isibonelo, iyunithi esetshenziswayo ephakathi (CPU) ye-Computer iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ehlanganisa izigidi zama-transmetic ezi-chip ezincane futhi iyakwazi ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi Ukusebenza kwe-Logic.
• Kusuka esakhiweni esingokomzimba, umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe ikakhulukazi wakhiwa ngezingxenye ezimbili: i-chip (die) kanye nephakheji. Kusukela ngesakhiwo esingokomzimba, i-Chip (die) nephakheji. I-chip iyingxenye ebalulekile, ehlanganisa izakhi ezahlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi kanye nemijikelezo. Ukupakisha kudlala indima ekuvikeleni i-chip, ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kukagesi nokusekelwa ngokomzimba. Amafomu ajwayelekile wokupakisha afaka ukucwilisa (ukufakwa okubili kulayini), QFP (isikwele esiphapheme), i-BGA (I-Ball Grid Array Packal), njll.

• I-PCBA ibhekisela ebhodini lesekethe eliphrintiwe eliqede inqubo yomhlangano njengokufakwa kanye nokufakwa kwezinto ze-elekthronikhi. I-Pried Circuity Board (PCB) iyisithwali esihlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kukagesi kwezinto ze-elekthronikhi. Inemigqa ye-pre-eyenzelwe ngaphambili, ama-pads, i-vias futhi ngakho-ke ku-on.pcba isesisekelweni se-PCB, kuzoba yimibuthano ehlanganisiwe, imijikelezo ehlanganisiwe, ama-diode, ama-capacistors, njll.) Ngaphezulu I-Mount Technology (SMT) noma nge-Hole Instrumental Technology (THT) efakwe kwi-PCB, nangemva kokushiswa nezinye izinqubo ukwakha isakhi. Ama-capacitor, amelana nezinye izinto, kanye nokuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwawo kwatholakala ngemigqa kwi-PCB.
• Ngokuya ngokwakheka, i-PCBA ikakhulukazi ifaka i-PCB kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi ezifakiwe kulo, kanye namalunga omthengisi nemigqa exhuma lezi zinto.

Umsebenzi:

• Imisebenzi ihlanganiswe kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-chip ku-chip encane ukufezekisa imisebenzi ethile, njengokucubungula kwesiginali, isitoreji, ukulawula, njll. Thatha isitoreji esihlanganisiwe njengesibonelo, kungagcina inani elikhulu ledatha, lisuka kwabambalwa I-KB kuya ku-TB embalwa, futhi isetshenziswa kwimemori, inkumbulo ye-flash namanye amadivaysi ekhompyutha ukuze ibone ukusebenza okufundwayo nokubhala.
• Ukusebenza kahle kuncike ekuklameni kwangaphakathi kwesifunda kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile zinika amandla amasekethe ahlanganisiwe anobukhulu obuncane be-transistor, okuholela emazingeni okuhlanganisa aphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nesivinini sekhompyutha esisheshayo. Isibonelo, i-Integrated Circuit ehlanganiswe yinqubo ye-7NM inokusebenza okungcono kanye nokusebenzisa amandla aphansi kunengxenye yesekethe ehlanganisiwe yinqubo ye-14NM ngaphansi komsebenzi ofanayo.

• Ukwehluka okusebenzayo. Ukuqaphela ngokomzimba kohlelo oluphelele lwe-elekthronikhi noma i-subsystem ephelele, nangokuhlanganisa izakhi ezihlukile ze-elekthronikhi, kufaka phakathi amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene engatholakala. Isibonelo, i-PCBA ye-Computer Booneboard, ihlanganisa i-CPU, inkumbulo, isikhombimsebenzisi se-hard disk, esibonakalayo sekhadi lemifanekiso namanye amamojula asebenzayo, ngokubambisana phakathi kwalemojuli.
• Ukusebenza kuthinteka ezintweni eziningi. Ngokungeziwe ekusebenzeni komjikelezo oqokiwe okhethiwe, ukusebenza kwe-PCBA kuhlobene kakhulu ne-PCB Design (efana nesakhiwo somugqa, inani lezendlalelo, ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic, ikhwalithi yenqubo ye-elekthronikhi nenqubo yokufaka (efana Ikhwalithi ye-Welding, ubulungiswa bezakhiwo zengxenye, njll.) nezinye izinto. I-PCBA eyenzelwe kahle ingahle idlale ngokugcwele ekwenzeni isakhi ngasinye futhi ithuthukise ukuthembeka nokuqina kohlelo lonke.

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza:

1.Ebathelisi inqubo yokukhiqiza yesifunda

• Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inembile kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwe-wafer, i-litthography, etching, doping, ukufakwa kwamafilimu nezinye izinyathelo eziningi. Isibonelo, ngenqubo ye-Lithography, umshini we-Lithophs anembe okuphezulu edinga ukusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa iphethini yokujikeleza eklanyelwe endaweni ephansi, okunembile okuthola i-Nanometer.
• Futhi isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo sidinga ukulawula okuqinile kwezimo zemvelo (njengokuhlanzeka, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, njll.) Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza komjikelezo ohlanganisiwe. Imishini yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor ekhethekile nezitshalo ezihlanzekile ziyadingeka. Lawa madivayisi abiza kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, umshini we-Lithography athuthukile angabiza amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi. Izindleko zokwakha nezinakekeli ze-workshop ehlanzekile ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukuhlanzeka kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi kuyadingeka ukufinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu ukuvikela uthuli nokunye ukungcola ekuphazanyisweni kwenqubo yokukhiqiza umjikelezo ehlanganisiwe.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-2.PCBA

• Kubandakanya ukutholwa kwengxenye, ukunamathisela umthengisi (ngenqubo ye-SMT), ukufakwa kwengxenye, ukufaka i-aooi, ukuhlolwa kwe-aoi - ukuhlolwa kwe-othomathikhi okuzenzakalelayo) nezinye izixhumanisi . Isibonelo, kwinqubo yokugibela ingxenye yengxenye, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umshini wokufaka okunembile okuphezulu ukuze ubeke kahle izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi esimweni esihambisanayo se-Pad kwi-PCB. Ijubane nokunemba komshini okhuphukayo kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqiza okuhlangene kwesifunda, izindleko zemishini yokukhiqiza i-PCBA ziphansi kanti nezidingo zezemvelo azikhangi kangako, kodwa futhi zidinga amasayithi athile okukhiqiza nemishini ukuqedela umhlangano kanye nokushiswa kwezinto.

Izimo Zokusebenza:

I-1.Inderated Circuit

• Kusetshenziswe kabanzi cishe kuyo yonke imishini kagesi, kungumgogodla wobuchwepheshe banamuhla be-elekthronikhi. Ensimini yekhompyutha, i-CPU, i-GPU neminye imibuthano ehlanganisiwe yizinto ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwekhompyutha. Emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, ama-chips ase-baseband kanye nama-rf chips asetshenziswa kumadivayisi wokuxhumana afana nezingcingo neziteshi zesisekelo ukuze afeze ukucubungula ukucubungula nokudluliselwa. Emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi yabathengi, njengamawashi ahlakaniphile, amakhamera edijithali namanye amadivaysi nawo ahlukaniswa kusuka kwimisebenzi ehlukahlukene yemibuthano ehlanganisiwe, njengama-chips we-Sensor, njll.

I-2.PCBA

• Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza ikakhulukazi njengebhodi le-more makeoboard noma imodyuli esebenzayo yamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, emishini yezezenzeko yezimboni, i-PCBA isetshenziselwa ukulawula idrayivu yama-motors, ukutholakala kwedatha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezinzwa, njll. Emishini yezokwelapha, i-Ultrasonic Diagnostic Amathuluzi, i-Motherboard nayo Iqaphela ukulawulwa okuhlukahlukene kokusebenza nokucutshungulwa kwesiginali yedivayisi.